Category Archives: Articles

Leaving, Thirty Years Ago

This month marks the 30th anniversary of what possibly counts as the most important personal decision I have ever made. This decision was to break with the structures that had previously ruled my whole adult life.

On a February day in 1975, I signed official papers from Rome, releasing me from the Jesuit society and the Catholic priesthood. At age 47, I faced the world for the first time as an independent adult without the intimate support of the religious family that I had joined a quarter century before.

A few year later, an ecclesiastical iron curtain shut down against priests applying for church approval of their release, part of a new policy of Pope John Paul II to keep clergy from leaving. I had escaped in time.

As I walked down Boston’s Commonwealth Avenue that morning, I felt as if I had taken myself back and reclaimed the freedom I had willingly surrendered at the end of adolescence. It may have been winter outside, but for me the season of spring had emerged interiorly. I was taking on a new stance toward the world, and the prospect excited me.

One night, twenty years earlier, I had dreamed of leaving the Jesuit Society, only to wake up in a sweat and discover with relief that it was not true; now it had become true, but I no longer felt any terror in it. Some apprehension about my being on my own, yes, but I also felt a strong admixture of relief and anticipation. Leaving would not be a horrible, irredeemable mistake as it had been in the dream, but a deliberate action that I had taken and would not regret.

No longer was anyone around who would protect me; from now on, I was responsible for myself as I had never been before. But that was part of the adventure of setting out in middle age toward an unknown future in the world.

Thirty years later, people still ask me why I left. In response, I tell these questioners there are two explanations. The first takes hundreds of pages, the other only two words. These words are: “I changed.”

Of course, this shorthand version merely hints at the countless events, outer and inner, that transformed me as an individual and the church to which I belonged. Incidentally, my leaving the priesthood and the Jesuits did not involve leaving the church, contrary to what many people have assumed.

In later life, I continue to place great value on the spiritual tradition into which I was born. However, I do confess disagreeing with authority in the Catholic Church seriously enough to be glad that I have not had to represent it officially during these last thirty years.

Strangely enough, at the time of leaving I felt greater admiration for the Jesuits than I had for many years previously. To me they remained members of an organization that had shown remarkable courage in making radical changes following the lead of the Second Vatican Council in the middle 1960s.

In leaving their ranks, I did not have to slink away under cover of night. Despite walking away from them, I retained the friendship of many of my former colleagues and have always welcomed further association with them.

Looking back from the vantage point of these thirty years, I feel my decision was appropriate, perhaps even wise. I wanted to change the angle by which I looked upon the world, and that has proven of much value. Greatest among the gifts that leaving made possible have been marriage and parenthood, of course, for which I feel highly privileged and deeply grateful.

In much of my first career, I would have scrupled to leave. Certain biblical texts ran through my mind from time to time, especially the saying of Jesus about the man who put his hand to the plow and then abandoned it. The Lord called such persons “unworthy,” a label that I shuddered to have applied to me.

I also thought about the promises Jesus made to disciples who left everything to follow him. Had I, by turning away from the call, forfeited the reward in heaven that had helped motivate me to leave home in the first place?

Fortunately I came to feel liberated from detached, literal readings of scripture, enough so as to reject these misgivings. The personal, unconditional love that I had become convinced God felt for me was enough to overcome these negative thoughts before they could become scruples.

This latter conviction became the ultimate reason for the freedom that enabled me to leave. I had made a theological and spiritual discovery that proved powerfully liberating. God’s love was active in my life, I came to see; and it enabled me to follow where my heart led.

Looking back over three decades, I see my first vocation as good and providential; similarly, I judge my life since then as a time of grace and blessings.

Richard Griffin

Most Important Story of 2005

What were the most important stories concerned with religion in the year 2004? That’s a matter of opinion, of course.

In their annual survey, members of the Religion Newswriters Association have made their choices. To them, the most significant was not a single story but two. They are the faith issues connected with the election of George W. Bush to a second term, and the discussion of Mel Gibson’s film The Passion of Christ.

Had the survey been taken at the end of December rather than part way through that month, I suspect the results would have been different. Then these writers might well have chosen the worldwide response to the dreadful tsunami that shattered so many lives along the coasts of the Indian Ocean.

Surely, the response of nations, private relief agencies, and people throughout the world would have justly been chosen the most important story of the year. On an unprecedented scale, governments, relief agencies, and individuals reached out with money and other forms of aid to people reeling from the storm’s impact.

Among the reasons why the relief effort has proven so important, at least two  spiritually significant ones stand out. First, those who have responded with help have done so regardless of the religion professed by those in need. That the greater number of them has been Muslim has not proven a barrier to generous giving.

Nor has the United States─or any other country, it seems─acted merely for political advantage. Instead, people the world over have responded spontaneously out of compassion for fellow humans who have suffered so much.

Secondly, very few religious figures appear to have interpreted the disaster as a sign of God’s displeasure with human beings. Fortunately, the great majority of leaders have seen this massive death and destruction as a natural disaster that does not at all express the judgment of God on the actions of people. In fact, most seem to have respected the mystery of evil rather than attribute vengeful motivation to the deity.

The generous actions of citizens and nations give reason for hope that such sharing of resources will continue in this new year. Perhaps the biggest story of this 2005 will prove to be wealthy countries doing more on an annual basis to help nations that are saddled with dire poverty.

Already underway, the Millennium Project is an effort by the United Nations to cut in half the extreme poverty of the world, and to do so by the year 2015. The United States and all the other rich countries have already agreed on this plan but have not yet put up the money.

To provide enough money for improving health and education for the world’s poor, these nations will be expected to increase development aid to about 50 cents of every 100 dollars of their national income.

Currently, our federal government gives only 15 cents, an amount far lower than most Americans think. When asked, most of us estimate an amount twenty or thirty times greater than the reality.

Jeffrey Sachs, an economist at Columbia University, has been leading the Millennium Project. He stands convinced that, spent wisely, the money could make an immediate difference in the countries where people are suffering extreme deprivation.

Professor Sachs proposes concrete examples:  “We could save more than one million children per year that are dying of malaria by helping to distribute on a mass basis, like we do with immunizations, bed nets to protect the children against malaria.”

This project is no shallow “do-goodism,” but an effort that would help overcome the instability that threatens the whole world, including us. For Sachs, the ultimate goal is to see poor nations stand on their own rather than continuing their dependence on others.

You may wonder why a column on spirituality deals with economic aid to other countries. The answer, on my part, comes from the heart. Long ago, I discovered how the inner life must include active compassion for all other people.

Not only that, but political and economic concerns became part of my spiritual vision. Reading the prophets of the Hebrew Bible, the words of Jesus in the Gospels, the writings of Gandhi and Thomas Merton among others, helped me realize that it was wrong for me to craft a spirituality detached from the needs of our brothers and sisters around the world.

Richard Griffin

Lively Old Women

Is it possible to be in your nineties and at the same time be happy? Contact with two dynamic ladies born in 1913 has convinced me that it is.

Best of friends, Helen Grimes and Marcia Kleinman vie with one another in their zest for life. In a conversation of an hour and a half, it’s difficult to keep up with this duo. They bubble over with enthusiasm for almost everyone and everything.

Though both dating from the Wilson administration, they grew up quite differently. Helen’s family was Irish Catholic in Cambridge; Marcia’s was Jewish in New York. The latter’s father owned a window factory in Brooklyn and was affluent, while Helen’s family had little money.

Helen’s education came through the contacts she had with the families she served as a domestic. Marcia had the advantage of graduating from New York University to which she commuted by train.

Both have strong political views, neither cherishing any love for George W. Bush and his regime. Marcia’s political consciousness developed through her post-college work for the American Jewish Congress. She felt radicalized by seeing signs “No Hebrews may apply” and experiencing other forms of discrimination.

For her part, Helen would ultimately rebel against her inherited faith. “That Irish Catholic stuff was pushed down your throat,” she explains. She left the church in her 40s, in part because “I didn’t believe in heaven or hell.” Now, along with her daughter Dot Harrigan, she considers herself a Humanist, rather than a Christian.

Marcia’s evolution differs from that of her friend. “I’m Jewish,” she says, “but I’m ecumenical.” She takes great delight in having wide ethnic and religious variety in her extended family. Among the latter, she mentions a great-grandson whose name is Gabriel Wong.

Helen traces her intellectual development back to a single book that continues to inspire her thinking. That book is Will Durant’s “The Story of Philosophy,” first suggested to her by a Yankee woman in whose household Helen worked as a mother’s helper.

Both women feel devoted to the Cambridge Center for Adult Education where they have been involved for decades. In the spirit of adventure, they take a variety of courses.

Helen laughingly tells of taking a life drawing class and sketching a nude male model. “I did down as far as possible,” she recalls, “and up as far as possible, but I didn’t do possible.”

Not surprisingly, both women draw much of their vitality from contact with younger generations. Of the wives chosen by her two boys, Marcia says: “I fell in love with my daughters-in-law.” As to those different from herself, she boasts: “I call myself the best ecumenical specimen in captivity.”

But don’t let the buoyancy of these women fool you─both have known heartache and disappointment. Helen lost her own mother when she was only eleven. And one of her daughters died of alcoholism at the age of 53.

Marcia’s first marriage ended in divorce when her first son was only two-and-a-half. “At that time,” she observes, “divorce was looked down on.” And she lost a wonderful sister at age 39.

At one point the ladies turned to this writer, asking me to explain why some people have long lives. Clearly, they were addressing the question to the wrong person. They have the answer themselves.

Helen Metros, another woman who recently shared with me her experience of life, says: “I never have time to be sick; I’ve missed but one day of work in seven years.”

Since the mid twentieth century, she has worked at two Harvard Sq    uare restaurants, finding satisfaction in waiting upon many different people, some of them famous. Among the latter she counts John Kennedy, Fidel Castro, Clement Attlee, George W. Bush (in his Harvard Business School days), Tip O’Neill, David Pryor, and Ben Affleck.

“To me they’re not big names; they come in and I wait on them,” she explains. What does count, Helen expresses in a favorite slogan: “It’s nice to be important, but it’s more important to be nice.”

Like the other Helen, she grew up in South Boston in an Irish Catholic family. In the 1930s there, she says, everyone was poor but doors were never locked and no one went hungry.

Her husband, now retired, comes from the Greek Orthodox tradition. For worship, they are accustomed to go to both Catholic and the Orthodox churches. “That’s part of marriage,” Helen believes, “you incorporate what you have.” Her religious spirit shows in other ways: “I know I have God with me all the time,” she says.

She derives warm satisfaction from a party she gives every year for 50 of the oldest and neediest people around. Also, she sponsors an annual concert at Children’s Hospital.

These activities make her feel happy. So do her family relationships. “I love to be with my grandchildren,” she enthuses. Of her spouse she says: “He’s a good husband, father, grandfather. How can you ask for anything more in life?”

Richard Griffin

Tsunami and Faith

An Indonesian man who survived the tsunami was pictured last week on the front page the morning newspaper, a look of horror on his face as he was told by an Australian doctor that it would be necessary to amputate his leg. The wound he suffered had become deeply infected, and only by this drastic action could his life be saved. Even then, it was by no means sure he would come through alive.

If he did manage to survive the surgery, he would find it extremely difficult to live in a society where no prostheses are available and not even crutches could be obtained for him.

He is but one of tens of thousands of the wounded who survived, at least for a time, shattered by catastrophe. As Secretary of State Colin Powell was reported to say of the devastation, human and material: “I have never seen anything like this.”

What are people who believe in God to make of such dire human suffering? Should we say with a character in Shakespeare’s King Lear: “As flies to wanton boys, are we to the gods; They kill us for their sport?”

Or might we echo certain religious leaders who proclaim that havoc is God’s just punishment for the sins of His people?

Either approach strikes me as monstrous. The first, in various forms, is basically pagan. The second is a distortion of theology whereby God is made into one who hates humankind.

There is no doubt, however, that a catastrophe that kills more than 150 thousand people and inflicts almost unimaginable suffering on so many others does put faith in God to the test. It is hard enough for believers when our fellow human beings maliciously cause us harm. When it happens because the very earth and its waters rise up against us, such evil is even harder to understand.

The mystery of evil must be as old as the origins of the human family. And we have no more answered the question in modern times than the ancients were able to do. However, the faith traditions of the world do provide some approaches to the unsolvable questions about why we suffer, both at the hands of evil people and from the good earth that is our home.

My spiritual tradition suggests that, far from endorsing human suffering, God is distressed by it. In this view, God does not take any pleasure in our pain but rather feels compassion at what we must endure.

In Christian teaching, the focal point of suffering is the passion and death of Jesus. God the Father does not punish His Son but does accept the suffering of Jesus for the world’s redemption.

So God has tasted human grief personally, so to speak. If Jesus submits to the crucifixion, then horrible suffering has touched God Himself. In this faith, God is no mere onlooker but takes on the worst fate of humankind.

This approach, of course, leaves unexplained the nature of evil, its origins and its power in a world supposedly controlled by God. But it does present a God filled with compassion and love, for whom the evil that hurts human beings is thoroughly distressing.

So in looking at the ongoing effects of the oceans rising up against so many people, we do best to weep, mourn, and regret what has happened to so many of our brothers and sisters. It is only right to feel deeply distressed by their fate.

In making this response, we can emulate the compassion of God and turn it toward those who have lost their loved ones and have sustained bodily and psychic ruin. We can do so by our prayers and by contributions of money and other forms of material assistance.

If our faith in God’s goodness is shaken, that is a tribute to the gift of sensitivity that is ours. When even the stones weep, as the narrator in a new novel I have been reading says, it is not irreligious to be upset; rather it may be deeply religious.

Science can explain what causes the tectonic plates under the ocean to move so as to create earthquakes and tidal waves. Only spirituality can begin to fathom some of the meaning of why it all happens in such a way as to destroy the lives of so many precious children and adults.

Richard Griffin

Discounts

One day, when I worked at our local Council on Aging, a veteran Harvard professor of my acquaintance came into the office and registered for one of our discount programs. His doing so surprised me at the time and, frankly, shocked me as well.

Of course, I did not let these moralistic emotions show on my face, but I did wonder how a well-paid professional could justify receiving reductions in taxi fares and in certain store purchases simply because he was past 60 years old. The incident drove me to question whether it was right to make such benefits available to everybody of a certain age, even Ross Perot, George Soros, or other billionaires.

Long ago, however, I gave up such scruples and recognized that wealthy older people belong to a relatively small minority, most of whom do not care about discounts. For the rest of us, discounts are important to our financial well-being and we have no problem claiming them.

Many elders have precious few savings and little available cash;  discounts are a vital help to their finances. If those who are dependant on public transportation, for instance, had to pay the full fare on MBTA buses and trains, the expense would be a genuine hardship.

My friend Hugh, an 80-plus veteran of World War II, may be regarded as typical. When asked how he feels about discounts, he fires off this response: “I love them.”  

Also, young and middle-aged Americans seem readily to accept these benefits for their elders. Whenever I go to the movies, I am impressed by how cheerfully I am accorded my cut-rate tickets.  (I do confess cringing, however, when the ticket seller asks if I am an adult or not.)

This leads me to think that our society at large believes that our breaks are appropriate. And this kind of social solidarity between age groups, I am persuaded, is good for our national community

I have also consulted a professional economist, asking him how he and his colleagues look at this subject. He uses the technical term “price discrimination” to explain a factor that, ideally at least, works to increase revenues.

Economists are not often associated with warm and fuzzy feelings. In this instance, however, they help make me feel reassured about claiming discounts. I am aiding businesses to do both good and well. We discount hunters help make the world go round.

Many of us elders would presumably not go to the movies at all, or as often, unless we could count on discounted tickets. Nor might we buy a new sweater or a new dress at a certain store without the incentive of a lower price given because of our age.

Colleges and universities commonly offer elders access to courses for much reduced tuition. Here, too, it may be in the educational institution’s interest to do so for a double reason. They find it good to help in the education of older people. And, besides, the classroom seats might otherwise go vacant.   

Beyond this discussion of meaning, I want to make two practical points: first, discounts are much more widely available than most of us realize; and second, to receive many of the discounts, you have to ask. Many companies and agencies do not broadcast their availability.

One Internet site I have consulted (www.seniordiscount.com) announces breathlessly: “Now over 150,000 discounts for folks over 50!” This serves not only to indicate the huge numbers of discounts available; it also reminds us that some of these benefits begin at an earlier age than we think.

The same site lists 22 different categories of goods and services for which discounts are available. It is hard to think of a type of business that does not provide these perks.

If you are like me, you will be surprised at the range of rake-offs and other special breaks. For example, one hotel in my urban community will not only give you a discount in your own room rate, but will extend it to other people who are traveling with you, even if they are not of your mature age.

Besides hotels, others give discounts that might not occur to you. Some public libraries, for example, will waive fines on overdue books. Car dealers will often give discounts on non-routine work. Newspaper subscriptions are frequently lower for elders, and cable companies may have lower rates for those over a certain age.

To my surprise, certain food stores give discounts, often larger on a given day of the week. Large chain stores selling all sorts of merchandise provide bargains for older customers. Barbers and hairdressers are wont to do the same.

If you have access to the Internet, you will find that the fabulous site mentioned earlier (www.seniordiscounts.com) features abundant listings by cities and towns all across the U.S. Also, some Councils on Aging have lists with names of local businesses and other agencies that have agreed to offer discounts.

But the best rule of thumb remains: ask.

Richard Griffin

Celebrating Bob Bullock

What a consolation it was for me last week to take part in a community celebration of a dear friend’s life! Gathered in Temple Israel in Sharon, almost 500 people watched, listened, and sang as Jewish leaders in that town and others paid tribute to my friend, Father Robert Bullock, who died five months ago.

As a friend of more than 60 years’ standing, I was privileged to recall, on a videotape shown to the audience, my classmate Bob’s personal characteristics as an adolescent. We first met when he was 14, the beginning of a friendship that flourished until his death. To be among people who esteemed him highly and loved him dearly offers me some solace for his departure.

The event in Sharon was the second such celebration in which I took part that week. Earlier, Facing History and Ourselves, the Brookline-based agency that educates students and others about the Holocaust and prejudicial attitudes toward Jews and other groups of people, had celebrated the memory of Father Bullock. From the beginning, he had taken a leading role in that organization and provided a vital link with the Catholic Church.

For 26 years, Father Bullock served as pastor of Our Lady of Sorrows parish in Sharon. He brought to that position wide experience in ministry, as well as a consuming interest in the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jewish community. In Sharon, I saw an outpouring of respect and love for him from people of the Jewish faith, attesting to the grace with which he brought these two communities together.

In his taped reminiscence, another high school classmate, Bob O’Shea, said of Bob Bullock: “He always spoke the truth.” Summing up our friend’s many personal qualities, O’Shea added: “That, to me, is a good priest.”

A young woman rose to say of her pastor: “He was visionary and wise.” She felt grateful to him for having served her as “a moral compass.” Television reporter David Boeri called him “a light in the darkness.”

A quality in Bob that could be seen only by friends like O’Shea and me was the way he developed over the decades. This development was best expressed in a letter written by his brother, Father Myron Bullock, who was in the class ahead of us. Myron was possibly the best student in the school, consistently receiving higher marks than his brother Bob.

In the letter Myron compares himself with Bob and says: “He was something far greater, far more extensive, and far, far more enduring. He was wise with a wisdom that cannot be taught and that only a few develop to its full capacity. His was true wisdom. He was understanding and could penetrate to the heart, the substance, whether of a book, or situation, or person. He could see farther and deeper than most because of a finely tuned 20/20 moral vision.”

To me, one of the many advantages of longevity is that I had the privilege of seeing my friend grow and develop into his full stature. Far from troubling me, I take pleasure in acknowledging that he far outdid me in his moral character and in his impact on the community at large. Of course, we were never competitors but friends and colleagues who welcomed one another’s achievements and did not judge one another by our accomplishments.

It is a mark of our time that many of us in late life discover ways of developing further our still latent personal gifts. Such discoveries can crown a life-long process of growth that allows us to complete our life with some sense of fulfillment. Of course, this does not usually mean a straight march toward completion but rather a journey that involves many detours and false starts.

How did my friend Bob grow so spectacularly?  Some things we know: He read, hungry for knowledge; he became an attentive listener; he cultivated a vivid sense of humor; he learned from the many young people with whom he dealt; he dared to speak to power, becoming a prophet when his Church went askew.

Bob must have had interior trials that were difficult to accept. A rabbi friend said of him: “He could also be a very lonely man.” When Father Bullock called for the resignation of his bishop, Cardinal Bernard Law, he inevitably had to face criticism, some of it from fellow priests. And he knew that Law had probably done more than any other American bishop to further warm relationships between the Church and the Jewish community.

When it came time for him to die, he did so peacefully. Of his death he wrote to his parishioners: “It is not for me a great misfortune but a necessary part of my life to which I feel called. I have always felt fortunate, blessed by the Lord, and I do now.”

I count it a blessing to have had a long friendship with this unforgettable man.

Richard Griffin

Smirk in Senior Year

“Wipe that smirk off your face!”  This shocking command came from my new English teacher in senior year of high school. It was a rude introduction to Father Francis Desmond who had joined the faculty that year to teach English to me and the twenty other boys in my class.

This rebuke hit with special force because it came from a man who was not only a teacher but also a priest. Almost 60 years later, I still remember the sting of that authority’s angry rebuke, a charge that felt like a slap in my face. If I had been smirking, I was unaware of it.

My recollection has taken inspiration from a short essay in which Robert Coles, the now-retired Harvard psychiatrist, recalls an experience that he had in the fifth grade of a Boston grammar school. The essay, “Here and Now We Are Walking Together,” appears in the newly published Best American Spiritual Writing 2004, and portrays his teacher as a formidable authority.

He still finds value in Miss Avery’s lesson: “We should pay attention to others, as well as ourselves.” This moral trumped the fear he felt in the presence of his teacher, who wielded her ruler like a rod of iron, sometimes slamming it on the desks of her students.

Fortunately, I soon discovered the softer side of my teacher. Even as an adolescent not brimming with self-confidence, I had the good sense to approach Father Desmond after class to plead innocence. In the face of my protest, he backed down and seemed to recognize his mistake.

Only a few weeks later, he and I had become friends and, in company with two or three fellow students, spent much time together. Our friendship, however, was not built only on compatibility; we soon discovered another bond – conspiracy. In league with Father Desmond, we became conspirators against the school’s administrators.

He would feed us inside information about the deviousness of the headmaster and his chief faculty assistant, people whose policies we disapproved. Our chief complaint was the way they overemphasized sports to the detriment of academic standards.

If this makes me and my co-conspirators seem, not mere rebels but also adolescent snots, that impression is not altogether incorrect. But, because of having a faculty ally, our small band of students had power that transcended our tender years.

The closest the headmaster, a monsignor, ever came to recognizing our rebellion happened one day when I was on the field in my baseball uniform. He sidled over to me and said: “Griffin, you are getting too big for your britches,” exact words that still reside in my head, some six decades later. The headmaster did not dare specify what he meant but he did not have to.

I feel thankful for these memories from adolescence and often ponder their meaning. This activity of memory and meaning seems to me beautifully appropriate for later life. In this connection I value the words of Sven Birkerts written in the Boston University publication Bostonia in 2002.

“Those of us lucky to live long enough, I now believe, discover that we have two lives: the original life, in which we first encounter the world, register the powerful shaping forces of family and our various relationships−loves, friendships, and antagonisms−and have the experiences that pattern us for later events; then the second life, the main work of which is to distill and absorb the meanings of the first.”

So here I am again, trying to distill and absorb the meanings of my first and original life. This activity always proves valuable as part of the ongoing drama of self- discovery. Though often played out on a small stage, this drama reveals large implications for the great search.

About the incidents portrayed here, I can draw from them personal characteristics that remain in late life. Skepticism about authority runs through my years, except for a period in which I became excessively pious.

I now regret that time of lapsing from my native doubting about those who hold power. It was a kind of abdication of my native reluctance to accept what others say or do when they have authority over me. An attitude of critical appraisal belongs to my inner being and I am glad that I reclaimed it again.

The last four years of the Bush administration have done me the service of raising to a new height my distrust of the powerful. As I write these words, the awe-full results of the election are still not known but I hope not to have four more years of such instruction.

As for Father Desmond, he was more than a co-conspirator. He was also a man of considerable intellectual ability and he stirred in me a love of English language and literature that has been a resource for all of my life since. I feel thankful that our friendship managed to survive that first classroom encounter.

Richard Griffin