Church Still in Crisis

“Archbishop So-and-So would never lie except for the good of the Church.” A quotation like this one, as I recall, appeared in a New Yorker magazine article written in the early 1960s by an American Catholic priest using the pseudonym Xavier Rynne. This article and succeeding ones published by the same magazine provided material for a book that still rates as the best account of the Second Vatican Council, 1962-1965.

The quotation from the unnamed archbishop has lodged in my memory because it summarizes so well the attitude called “clericalism.” It refers to a mentality on the part of many clergy, and not a few lay people, that places the needs of the institutional church ahead of the need to be truthful and honest.

That kind of thinking has surely been a large factor leading to the  enormous crisis engulfing the Catholic Church in Boston. And not just Boston. Like a seismic shock that crisis is now spreading across the country, shaking diocese after diocese with revelations of sexual crimes against children and of church efforts to sweep those crimes under the rug of secrecy.

Bishops and other authorities acted out of a false sense of institutional loyalty. They judged it better, by whatever means they could find, to keep everything secret rather than divulge the truth of the evil that was being done by their clergy. This secrecy covered the inexcusable assigning of priests with long records of pederasty to be assigned to local churches as pastors.

My reason for writing about this situation again in a column focused on aging is its continuing effect on us older church members and others who care about our morale. It is not easy in our later years to have the institutions and the people in whom we have trusted for a lifetime suddenly revealed as unworthy of confidence.

In July 1963, I landed in Southampton, England after a five-day voyage from New York on the great ocean liner The France. Almost 40 years later, I still remember what it was like to walk on the ground after disembarking. For the next several days, as I visited London, I felt the earth moving under my feet. The motion of the ship to which I had become accustomed lingered on in my body, making the ground seem shaky.

That same feeling is what some of us Catholics, and perhaps others, are now experiencing with the crisis that is shaking the Church. We have lost our moorings, our sense of solid ground, our confidence in tomorrow. Every week, sometimes every day, new revelations emerge to strike us in the gut. What sense, if any, can we find in it all?

I like to think that we are living through the death of one kind of institution as it slowly and painfully gives way to another. The implosion of the Boston archdiocese reveals the need for radical change as nothing else could have. To our astonishment, we elders have arrived at a time when the old certitudes can no longer serve us.

Of course, I am not talking about the faith that remains the bedrock of the Catholic Church. Basic belief and valued traditions of spiritual practice remain solid. But, even if we do not welcome it, we face the challenge of change in other areas of our religious life that have proven false.

Catholics continue to look toward Rome for guidance in crisis. In this instance, however, pope and central church government seem more a part of the problem than of the solution. A culture of secrecy and institutional duplicity have characterized many of the Vatican’s policies and activities for too long.

Internal change cannot very well take place in the current Vatican. Though it may seem ageist of me to suggest it, I have to think that a man burdened by crippling disability and disease has become ill equipped to take the lead in bringing about necessary reforms. The pope, I am convinced, should long since have been subject to a term of office as, in effect, other Catholic bishops throughout the world are. In the modern world, no one person can serve indefinitely long, no matter what his eminence and his record of past achievement.

Mind you, I would never take this critical stance were the Church not vitally important to me. In my later years, I continue to look to this faith community of mine for support and enlightenment, and I still find both there.

Though in the middle of a crisis like this one it may seem unrealistic to expect good to come out of it, that is what, in fact, I do expect. This agonizing time seems to me perhaps the Church’s best opportunity in decades to make  changes that are desperately needed.

In the meantime, it may help to us elders to look back on our record of success in adapting to previous large-scale changes. There is abundant reason for confidence that we, for whom church remains important, can do the same in the face of new challenges.

Richard Griffin

Back From the Dead

To meet with Richard John Neuhaus is to be in the presence of a man who has come back from the dead. In his latest book, “As I Lay Dying,” Father Neuhaus tells of lying in a coma and being ready to depart this world, when he heard a familiar voice calling his name.

“Richard, wiggle your nose,” was the message coming from his friend, Cardinal John O’Connor, the late archbishop of New York. Breaking out of his utter immobility, the patient managed to obey and eventually, against all odds, to recover.

This near-death experience has transformed the life of Father Neuhaus. He now lives “against the horizon of death,” a way of life that may not sound attractive to the average person. However, to this man of the spirit it comes as liberating.

Thanks to his faith in God, Father Neuhaus has found peace through confronting death. He considers living without illusions as the best way to live and he values death as “the last encounter when you have no illusions.”

For him, death also brings believers like himself to share the experience of  Jesus on the cross. Through faith, a person enters into the same dark night of suffering in order to pass over into new life. “Letting all that happen,” he says, “if you don’t enter in you’re always going to have the suspicion that you’re kidding yourself.”

Though he considers death a humiliation when “all the things that you thought were your projects of consequence are brought low,” facing it can give a person enormous freedom. Those who have accepted it and yet, like him, have returned from the brink, “have a much more electric and heightened sense of the mystery of existence.”

If what this priest says about death suggests a dour personality, it is misleading. This is a man who laughs and enjoys life in other ways.

He readily admits sometimes losing the intense focus connected with his experience of death. “There are days and moments when I am not living on the cutting edge of spiritual and psychic consciousness,” he says lightheartedly. “I want to relax, have a drink before dinner, and enjoy idle chatter with friends.”

The difference is that he has gone through an experience that has transformed everything. In fact it has made life more precious than it had been before. In “As I Lay Dying,” Father Neuhaus details what it was like to undergo several surgeries for cancer and to come so close to dying.

Two days after he was moved out of intensive care, he had a startling experience that still carries great meaning for him. During the night he saw blue and purple drapery and near it two “presences.” Whoever these presences were (possibly angels, he thinks), they then delivered a message to him: “Everything is ready now.” Since that time this sober and thoughtful man continues to reflect on this mysterious experience, sifting it for meaning.

What anchors him in his new life is his confidence in God. “We are loved unqualifiedly,” he says of the Creator’s regard for him and every other human being.

As to the rest of his life, he feels that God has not yet finished with him. “There are all kinds of things I think I want to do,” he explains. For the problem of not having enough time, he takes as guide what William Temple, an archbishop of Canterbury, heard from his father: “William, you have all the time there is.”

Father Neuhaus believes in taking each of his days as they come, finding God’s love for him at each step. He loves a saying of Pope John XXIII: “Every day is a good day to be born and a good day to die.”

The prayers that Father Neuhaus offers at the end of each day are two in particular. The first, “Now I lay me down to sleep,” expresses a childlike confidence in God. The second, “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit,” suggests an abandonment of self such as Jesus made on the cross.

The theology of abandonment, neglected by the Christian churches in recent times, can prove a rich source of spiritual blessing, this priest believes. Instead of denying death, the person praying recognizes its inevitability and finds this fact the entrance point into truth and new life.

Richard Griffin

Virtual Retirement Community

What if the residents of a large urban neighborhood could be assured of continuing to live in their own homes even into extreme old age?

This actually is the aim of Beacon Hill Village, a newly formed community of people over age 60 living in this area of Boston. Only four weeks ago, the first members signed up to receive services that will enable them to stay living where they now reside.

Judith Willett, the executive director of this “virtual retirement community,” expresses the high hopes behind the new venture. A dynamic woman, highly experienced in providing services to older people, she recently explained to visitors how the community will function. Although the organization’s active phase is only four weeks old, its structure has been carefully planned over the last few years.

“We are the access point,” she says of her office at Beacon House on Myrtle Street. A board of directors made up of older people will have responsibility for steering the new venture and seeing that it develops according to plan.

The idea behind Beacon Hill Village is one long familiar to specialists in the field of aging. They refer to it as “aging in place” and many of them regard it as the ideal for later life. Research has shown that large percentages of older Americans want to live out their most mature years in this fashion.

Many other people, of course, prefer to move away and live in places planned exclusively for older people, but they are clearly in a minority. I myself find the virtual community idea intensely attractive and would welcome having one in the urban neighborhood where my family lives.

The new community has three main providers.

The first is the nonprofit organization known as Rogerson Communities. It takes responsibility for financing, accounting, and fundraising. This agency has also contributed the office site, free of rent for the first year of operations.

Secondly, Houseworks, an agency based in Newton, will furnish a wide variety of direct service providers. These provide home health, transportation (including escorts), home adaptation and repairs, concierge services such as errands, and housecleaning.

The third component of the system is the Massachusetts General Hospital with its Senior Health program. This MGH program features an interdisciplinary approach whereby physicians, nurses, social workers, therapists, and others will work together to benefit patients.

If this new community sounds utopian, in many ways it actually is. Already inquiries have come from the far reaches of the country with people wanting to know how it works. Some other people in the Greater Boston area have begun fantasizing about how such a program could serve people in their own communities.

Of course, utopia costs money. The initial yearly fee to join the community is currently $500 for a single person and $600 for a household. Starting July first, the price will rise to $750 for an individual, $1000 for a household.

And the individual services will come at a price as well, though Houseworks will discount its standard fees by ten percent and the MGH services will be covered by patients’ standard health insurance.

To make community memberships affordable for people whose income falls short, Judith Willett has been applying for grants.

But money remains an important issue. Middle income people are the most at risk population, she says, because they lack the safety net provided to those lower on the income scale.

To get a skilled and objective view of the Beacon Hill plan I called John O’Neill, the veteran director of Somerville Cambridge Elder Services. To his mind, the new venture has a good chance of succeeding. “It could actually work there,” he says, after pointing out how difficult this kind of plan has been to pull off in other places. And it’s much better than expecting the state or federal government to do anything: “If they wait for a public solution – – who knows?”

On the visit to talk with Judith Willett my wife and I were joined by two of our friends, Clare Corbett and Clare Chapman. They were interested in exploring how the Beacon Hill virtual retirement community might possibly serve as a model for their parish church. My wife and I, for our part, were interested in learning how residents in our own urban neighborhood might think about starting such a venture.

To her credit, considering that her community has had only a few weeks’experience, Judith Willett agreed to speculate with us about the Beacon Hill model being applicable to our communities.

“I think you would need larger groups of people than one church and one neighborhood,” she said. To meet the annual budget of some $250,000, her community needs at least 300 people. And members of her board have contributed $100,000 toward the expenses of the first year.

But we can still dream of ways to emulate the creativity and adventurous spirit of our friends on Beacon Hill.

Further information about the new community is available at 617 723-9713.

Richard Griffin

Praying with Intention

The times in prayer most satisfying to me are those moments when I forget that I am praying. These are the intervals when I feel caught up in God and am enabled to disregard myself. So precious do these happenings seem to me that I regard them as pure gift.

Unfortunately these blissful times occur in my prayer life too rarely. Too often, most of the period I set aside for prayer is marked by struggle to stay focused. Sometimes that means trying to keep distractions from taking over my psyche; at other times it means fighting to stay awake. As a result, getting lost in prayer is by no means a common experience in my spiritual life.

In recent years, I have identified a remedy for these problems. The remedy, however, is easier to understand than it is to put into practice. Incorporating it into my daily prayer may require greater spiritual maturity than I currently have. But that will not stop me from trying.

This remedy is to cultivate intention rather than placing so much importance on attention. Increasingly I am convinced that what counts in prayer is wanting to be in touch with God. That desire is pleasing to God, I believe, and has been implanted in us by God.

Seen in this light, distractions become irrelevant. It makes no difference that unwelcome thoughts flit across the screen of our minds. The intention to raise our hearts and minds to the divine being can remain steadfast throughout the periods when we have lost focus. The bother of ideas, memories, imaginings that come unbidden does not hurt our prayer; we can even fall asleep without ruining our good intentions.

To check my ideas about prayer with someone better informed, I consulted Sister Kay Hannigan, member of a Catholic religious congregation. Sister Kay expressed general agreement with my approach saying “One of the key things in people’s relationship with God is the question of what they really want.” And , if they really want to be in touch with God in prayer, that goes far to make prayer effective.

This view of prayer, I realize, can seem to go against a spiritual value that many people greatly esteem nowadays. Buddhists, especially, give the practice of mindfulness a central place in their spiritual practice. Other people do also and mindfulness is often urged as a method for breakthroughs to a deeper life for the soul.

Sharon Salzberg, a writer found on the Internet website called Beliefnet, says “Mindfulness is the quality of fullness of attention, immediacy, non-distraction.” And in many areas of life I much value this approach because it makes living so much richer. It can make of ordinary actions such as eating a pear or tying a shoelace a vibrant experience.

But I still do not regard mindfulness as central to prayer. For me, prayer’s most important quality is what you intend, not your concentration of mind. I am willing to admit, however, that I may have given to mindfulness less than its due.

Sister Kay suggests that intention and mindfulness are more closely related than I would have thought. “Mindfulness can play into desire,” she explains. The desire for a conscious relationship with God, she feels, brings the two qualities together.

“Time spent in getting to know God is important,” according to Sister Kay, “and everyone does this in a different way.”

In this brief discussion about prayer, I have probably put too much emphasis on human activity. By contrast, many spiritual traditions, including my own, give priority to God’s initiative in prayer. God is the one who stirs up in us the desire to be in contact with Him/Her. Our praying should be seen as a response to the activity of God’s spirit within us.

In this column, I have been talking primarily about meditative or contemplative prayer. Spoken prayer, either in the liturgy or in private, has some different characteristics.

However, even in prayer that relies on words, intention is the most important consideration. The many distractions I experience during the Eucharistic liturgy on Sundays, for instance, do not ultimately make much difference. The reason I have come to church is my desire to be in contact with God and that hope continues to carry me all during the Mass.

Richard Griffin

Doctor’s Appointment

Appointments with a doctor always make me nervous. Even when they are routine checkups, like the most recent one, my anxiety mounts with arrival at the clinic.

On this occasion my blood pressure has shot up to new heights, with the diastolic figure (the lower one) breaking the hundred barrier for the first time ever. “White coat syndrome,” they call it, but they could be wearing purple and it would still happen.

Why such anxiety? It’s elemental, irrational, based, I suspect, on fear of them finding something dire, an unknown lethal enemy lurking within my organs that will sooner or later do me in.

I always had fantasized that by this advanced age of mid-seventies, a kind of statute of limitations would have taken hold. This concept I imagined as working to quiet anxiety with arguments such as this: “You have lived longer than 95 percent of human beings in the history of the world, so why should you complain about the prospect of your life coming to an end?” But rationalizations like this never work.

Other professionals at the clinic, as they record my weight and height, undoubtedly see me as just another 73-year-old male but my primary care physician knows better, recognizing me as a unique, not to say peculiar, person.

By now, she has attended to my health for some fifteen years and we enjoy an excellent working relationship. Long on a first-name basis, we show patience with one another: I did not even mind her being a half-hour late for this appointment and she, for her part, puts up with my chatter.

She inquires for my daughter, as I do for her son. She also asks if I am still writing and gently wonders how my wife’s recent retirement has affected our household.

All of this conversation much pleases me, not only for itself, but because I place greater confidence in physicians who know the whole person rather than just the physique. Perhaps she is helping me, even at this late stage, develop a greater appreciation of my bodily self.

Body image tends still to be a problem for me, though much less as I age. The injury to my left arm suffered at birth does not loom nearly so large in advanced years as it used to in adolescence and young adulthood. Growing older has its rewards, after all.

After finishing her top-to-bottom examination of me, my doctor tells me something I have never before heard from her: “You seem younger than your age.” These words refer not to an immaturity she has observed in me, I hope, but rather correspond to my own image of myself as a person gifted with unusually good health and a buoyant appreciation for life.

But still, the doctor prescribes a pill for blood pressure control. Because of a bias against medication, I feel reluctant to take anything, unless absolutely necessary. In this instance I will go along with her prescription, at least till the next appointment.

She also wants me to undergo a test, one that strikes me as especially nasty. Probably, I will resist doing it for a while, without telling her, and then, after summoning up the courage, submit to the unavoidable. Being a devout coward when it comes to medical procedures, I have to steel my soul each time.

Routine blood tests, also ordered by my doctor, will pose no problem for me so long as I can have Joe, a veteran technician, do them. He is marvelously skilled at finding small veins without poking around, probing for them the way physicians and others are wont to do. This friendly, beneficent Dracula makes of the bloodletting no ordeal at all.

Had this visit been anything other than a routine check-up, I probably would have asked my wife to come with me. It’s not just that she would be a strong advocate, if I needed one, but she would be there for me in other ways as well. Her emotional support might make all the difference were a dire diagnosis to emerge.

Even a routine medical exam makes us confront ourselves as body. Inevitably, you reveal yourself as you really are, at least as far as can be seen and measured.

There is undeniably something humiliating about it, even when the physician is thoroughly discreet and sympathetic. We are confronted with our bodily self in all its ridiculousness and vulnerability.

Even though this latest check-up was quite upbeat, I do not feel complacent about my health. “The center does not hold,” the poet Yeats said in a different context, but the statement applies here too. I await the inevitable next crisis with a mixture of resignation and hope.

And, always, the question of identity lurks just offstage. Who am I, this embodied ego? How can my spirit be so intertwined with this physical structure?

Richard Griffin

Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep

Now I lay me down to sleep;
I pray the Lord my soul to keep;
If I should die before I wake,
I pray the Lord my soul to take.

A great many Americans, especially those no longer young, will remember learning this prayer in their childhood. Parents of many different faith traditions passed it on to their children to say at night before they went off to sleep. It was easy to learn because of its rhymes and its rhythm. In addition, only one word, the word “before,” has more than one syllable.

My memory of this prayer, beloved by so many, stirred this past week when I received for review a new book called “As I Lay Dying: Meditations Upon Returning.” Written by Richard John Neuhaus, this slim volume offers the reflections of a priest who very nearly died after surgery for cancer. To my surprise I discovered that Father Neuhaus continues to say this prayer as an adult.

He also surprised me by mentioning the distant origins of the prayer. Its model is commonly said to have been a Latin prayer published in 1160. This twelfth-century work was apparently a later edition of one from the hand of Pope Leo III who became famous for crowning Charlemagne in the year 800.

After researching its origins further, I discovered the reason why so many Americans came to know the prayer. It entered into this country’s culture through a book published in Boston by Benjamin Harris, who emigrated there from England in 1686. Sometime between 1687 and 1690, it seems, he issued a little book that would become famous in America.

He included the “Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep” prayer in The New England Primer which became a basic schoolbook among the Puritans in the American colonies. It was a catechism intended for children and illustrated with engravings designed to hold their attention. In addition to questions and answers about their religion, boys and girls could find pious sayings and simple prayers. The famous prayer under discussion here did not appear until the edition of 1737; from then on it became widely known.

The author of an introduction to one edition of the New England Primer says of its author: “Harris deserves notice as a confirmed scribbler .  .  . To this was added an ardent love of the Protestant religion, and an equal hatred of the Pope and all that this implies.” Presumably, he would have felt bewildered had he known how many Catholic children like me were to learn the prayer he had printed.

To test its current reputation, I recently asked a group of college undergraduates if they had heard of the prayer. My informal survey produced near unanimity: almost to a person these young men and women knew of it.

The prayer itself offers surprisingly rich spiritual content. It reveals a trust in God that helps explain why adults like Father Neuhaus continue to make use of it. It breathes the spirituality of abandonment, that is, the handing over of one’s security to God.

No matter what happens, even sudden death, the person praying remains confident of remaining in the care of the Lord. In its own way, the prayer accords with the words of Jesus on the cross: “Father, into your hands, I commend my spirit.”

This kind of commitment to divine providence does not come easy. Despite the simple and almost sentimental language of the prayer, actually trusting oneself to God requires deep faith and spiritual maturity.

A newspaper colleague has told me that he finds the prayer “scary.” He considers its message about death too disturbing to be given to children. But, in past centuries, death came to young people much more often than it does today, at least in middle-class America. And, to judge from my reading of The New England Primer, the religion of the people who used it was stern and rigorous.

Those modern-day adults who have adopted these words as a good night prayer and have gone to sleep repeating it as a form of commitment to God no doubt find it a more flexible and consoling private ritual. For them, it can express a deep spirituality and a loving attachment to the source of their lives.

Richard Griffin

Crisis of Confidence

“These are not easy days in which to stand up and be counted as a Catholic in Boston.” These words, written by the pastor of my church, appeared in our parish bulletin last Sunday, understated testimony to the pain, confusion, and anger felt by so many people in our faith community.

Just that day, reports of two more priests accused of sexual abuse against children had emerged, bringing past seventy the number of Boston Catholic clergy thought to have committed this terrible crime. Making matters worse, the Cardinal Archbishop, by his own admission, had assigned priests with a documented record of pederasty to positions in which they could victimize even more children.

Growing up Catholic in Boston suburbs, I never imagined the existence of such crimes. That priests would violate the innocence of young people in this way lay outside my mental horizons.

Later, I went to a high school where the faculty was made up exclusively of priests belonging to the Archdiocese and, though I had an unfavorable opinion of some as teachers and mentors, I never heard of any one of them showing the least sign of sexual impropriety toward me or my fellow students.

This continued to be my experience in adulthood. All during the years when, in my first career, I belonged to the ranks of the clergy myself, I never had any knowledge of sexual crimes against children.

Recently, however, I have read reports about crimes attributed to some priests of the archdiocese with whom I was acquainted. The graphic details of one priest’s alleged criminal activities have hit me hard because the actions were so sordid, evidently damaged so many children, and violated the trust that many of us had in him.

What does it mean for people in later life to have their certainties exploded, as many of us have through these revelations of evil?  How can we cope with massive disillusion in matters of crucial importance to us, such as faith in the Church and trust in its ministers?

Having our confidence in sacred persons and institutions shown to be undeserving ranks as one of later life’s most upsetting experiences. No wonder newspaper photos have shown senior members of parishes in tears when revelations about their pastors are made.

When our devotion turns out to be without foundation, we can feel at sea, deprived of our bearings. The scholar Peter Marris, in a new book treating  meaning and purpose in later life, writes that “the loss of this assumptive world is deeply threatening, even if nothing outwardly has changed.” He compares the experience to a death in the family that can throw us into sudden crisis.

But I believe it is also an opportunity for possible breakthroughs toward deeper meaning. I believe that, for Catholics reeling from unwelcome disclosures about the Church, the current crisis can lead toward some valuable outcomes, both for ourselves and for our faith community.

The revelations of corruption among church leaders can serve as a powerful reminder that religious faith is directed, not toward human beings, but to God. One of my favorite sayings of Jesus applies here. Correcting a young man who called him good he said: “Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone.”

It is possible to come out of the crisis with a purified faith. Discovering the radical thrust of what Jesus said to the young man can help strip us of illusions about the integrity of human beings, even sacred figures in priestly vestments and bishops’ mitres ordained to lead the Church.

On the community level, the anguish of Boston’s Catholic people and those in many other places raises urgent questions that seem not even to be under discussion by Catholic leaders now:

Should the Catholic clergy be exclusively male? Why should not married people be priests in the Roman Church? How can lay people exercise greater influence in the Church, instead of being dominated by clerics? What changes need to be made in the Church’s teaching on sexuality?

As to the first two issues, it is hard to believe that women, were they in positions of pastor, would have behaved the way so many men have done. And married clergy might have been less likely to abuse children, though that is less certain.

Readers of a certain age may remember how, in the middle 1960s, the church adopted far-reaching changes that showed remarkable creative energy. The Second Vatican Council, bringing together bishops from all over the world, surprised everybody with its willingness to alter many long-established ways of thinking and acting.

Now may be the time for the Church to show bravery and vision similar to that evident at Vatican II so as to set right those elements of the institution that cry out for change both in the Boston Archdiocese and elsewhere.

Richard Griffin